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''The Astronauts'' (in Polish ''Astronauci'') is the first science fiction novel by Polish writer Stanisław Lem published as a book, in 1951.〔His earlier work, the science fiction novel ''The Man from Mars'' was serialized in a weekly during 1946.〕 To write the novel, Lem received advance payment from publishing house Czytelnik (Warsaw). The book became an instant success and was translated into several languages (first into Czech, published in 1956). This success convinced Lem to switch to the career of a science-fiction author. ''The Astronauts'', written for the youth, is set in the Communist utopian future. To get published under the communist regime in Poland, Lem had to insert frequent references to the ideals of communism. Decades later, Lem declared about ''The Astronauts'': The term ''cosmonaut'', used in countries of Eastern Bloc, was not yet created when the text was written, hence the name ''Astronauts''. Inability to ever understand alien civilizations, a frequent motive of Lem's future works, appears here for the first time. ==Plot summary== The introduction describes the fall of the Tunguska meteorite (1908) and subsequent expedition of Leonid Kulik. The hypothesis about the crash of a spaceship is mentioned. Fast-forward to the year 2003. Communism has emerged as the worldwide form of government and humankind, freed from oppression and chaos, is engaged in gigantic engineering projects - irrigation of the Sahara, construction of a hydro-energetic plant over the Strait of Gibraltar, and the ability to control the climate. The latest project is to thaw the Antarctic and Arctic regions by artificial nuclear-powered "suns" circling above. During the preparation of earthworks in the Tunguska area a strange object is found and later identified as an extraterrestrial data record. The record contains details about the travel of a spaceship from Venus (which crashed in Tunguska) and the data record ends with an ominous message: "After two rotations the Earth will be radiated. When the radiation intensity drops to half, the Great Movement will commence." Scared, the government of the Earth (consisting of scientists) decides to send a newly built spaceship, the ''Kosmokrator'' (equipped with a vacuum tube-based computer called ''Marax'') to Venus. After a few weeks the international crew of the ''Kosmokrator'' arrives on Venus but finds no traces of life, only strange, half-destroyed technological structures like the ''White Globe'', a giant anti-gravity device. It turns out that Venus was inhabited by a warlike civilization planning to occupy the Earth. However, before they managed to destroy life on Earth, they themselves perished in a nuclear civil war, leaving only ruins of cities and scattered electronic records. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Astronauts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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